The synthesis report provides a background and situation analysis of the Cross-Border Sharing Agreement between the pastoralist communities of Turkana and West Pokot in Kenya and the Karimojong in Uganda. The report identifies the key problems that need to be addressed for these communities to achieve peaceful co-existence and sustainable development through the agreement.

The agreement is supported by the Policy and Legal Frameworks of the African Union (AU), the Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD), and East African Cooperation protocols and policies. The AU Policy Framework on Pastoralism highlights the significance of pastoralism in Africa, emphasizing its economic contributions, adaptive production systems, and cultural heritage.

Regionally, the agreement aligns with policies promoting safe and orderly cross-border movement of livestock and herders to access pasture and water, an essential adaptation to climate change within the IGAD region. This framework is bolstered by the Kenya-Uganda Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) from September 2019, which allows for reciprocal grazing rights and cross-border access to services like education and healthcare for the Karamoja cluster communities.